Fahrenheit to Celsius

Archive for August, 2010

A Fahrenheit Celsius thermometer is a device used to measure temperature. Many models will display the results in Fahrenheit and Celsius. However, the Celsius is the most widely used temperature’scale in the world.

How to Read the Temperature in a Thermometer

For a Celsius thermometer, remember that zero is the freezing point and 100 the boiling point. The interval is segregated into 100 degrees or parts.

In the Fahrenheit system, the boiling point is 212 degrees and the freezing point is 32. The intervals are 180 degrees. Each Fahrenheit degree is equivalent to 5/9 or 1.8 of a Celsius degree.

Converting between the Temperature Scales

To convert Celsius into Fahrenheit, multiply the degrees by 1.8 and add 32 to the total. Assume you want to change 10 C to F. You just multiply the 10 by 1.8 and add 32. The total is 50. This is the equivalent of the degrees in Fahrenheit.

When using Fahrenheit Celsius thermometers, being able to convert to Celsius will also be necessary. Begin by subtracting 32 from the total. Multiply this by 0.556 or 5/9.

Here is an example: if the thermometer states 68 F remove 32 so you will end up with 36. Multiply the 36 by 5/9. The total is 29; this is the equivalent in Celsius.

Negative and Positive Signs

There are times when the negative C will turn into a positive when changed to the F scale. Suppose the thermometer shows a reading of -5 C. When you convert it to Fahrenheit, (multiply 5 x 1.8 + 32) the result is -9 F. This results in 23 F. Do not add 32 with 9 because the total would be 41 F, which is wrong.

Who Invented the Fahrenheit?

The scale was created by Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686-1736) in 1724. He was a scientist who specialized in the analysis of temperatures. With the freezing point at 32 F and the boiling point at 212 F, the freezing and boiling point are 180 degrees distant.

A closer inspection will show that the interval between the boiling and freezing point is 1/180. By comparison, the freezing and boiling distance in Celsius is 100 degrees.

Today’s Fahrenheit Celsius thermometer no longer requires the user to do various conversions. The results will be displayed automatically. However, knowing how to do the conversion is necessary for those whose thermometers only show readings in C or F.

Fahrenheit to Celsius cooking graphs can remove a lot of the confusion that comes when reading recipes. While the US uses Fahrenheit, Europe and other countries use Celsius. You can avoid confusion by referring to the following graphs.

Cooking Conversion Graph

250 F / 120 C: very slow
300 F / 150 C: slow
325 F / 170 C: warm
350 F / 180 C: moderate
375 F / 190 C: moderately hot
400 F / 200 C: moderately hotter
425 F / 220 C: hot
450 F / 230 C: extremely hot

Safe Cooking Temperatures

Aside from the Fahrenheit to Celsius cooking graphs, governments have set up recommended safe cooking temperatures. This is for the US only. Other countries may have different standards.

Fresh Beef

Medium Rare 145 F 63 C
Medium 160 F 71 C
Well Done 170 F 77 C
Ground Beef 160 F 71 C
Fresh Veal
Medium Rare 145 F 63 C
Medium 160 F 71 C
Well Done 170 F 77 C

Game

Deer 165 F 74 C
Rabbit 180 F 82 C
Duck 180 F 82 C
Goose 180 F 82 C

Ratites

Rhea 160 F 71 C
Ostrich 160 F 71 C
Emu 160 F 71 C
Sauces, custards 160 F 71 C
Casseroles 160 F 71 C

Poultry

Turkey 180 F 82 C
Chicken 180 F 82 C
Turkey Roast (boneless) 170 F / 77 C
Stuffing (outside or inside bird) 165 F / 74 C

Fresh Pork

Medium 160 F 71 C
Well Done 170 F 77 C

Cured Pork

Fresh sausage 160 F 71 C
Fresh ham 160 F 71 C

Cooking Temperatures for Pork

For chops, steaks and roasts use temperatures of 140 to 145 degrees F for medium and 160 degrees F and over for well done. For raw sausages, the temperature is 160 F. For raw ham, it is 160 F and for pre-cooked it is 140 F.

Cooking Temperature and Duration for Seafood and Fish

For filleted and whole fish, cook at 140 degrees F or until they flake with ease. For tuna, the cooking temperature is 125 degrees F. A medium size boiling shrimp should be 3 to 4 minutes.

A large shrimp will take 4 to 7 minutes. The jumbo size will take 8 minutes. Baked scallops take about 15 minutes to cook. The cooking time is the same for a pound of lobster.

The cooking time will vary for other lobsters. the larger it is, the longer it will take to cook. The same holds true for fish and other seafood. The oven you use may also affect the cooking time.

The Fahrenheit to Celsius cooking graphs and reference charts are handy guides, but you should always check the recipe instructions. The temperature and cooking time in the recipe should be followed because it might affect the taste.

The normal body temperature is around 98.6 F. Converted to Celsius, that is 36.8 C. However, this is actually an average. The fact is that the temperature will change by 1 F / 0.6 C in the day. Studies have shown that most of the time, people’s temperatures are 1 F or 0.6 C over 98 F.

Other Facts about Temperatures in Human Beings

The temperature of human beings is easily affected by hormones. Women who are menstruating or ovulating will have lower or higher temperatures than normal. Fever also causes the temperature to go up. It should also be noted that the temperature varies among body parts.

If you take temperatures inside the body, they will be higher compared with temperatures that are orally taken. Oral measurements in turn, are higher compared with the temperature of the skin. The standard oral measurement (below the tongue) is 36.8 C or 98.2 F. Most armpit readings register 36.6 C or 97.9 F.

Variations

It should be stated that while 98.6 F is the normal body temperature, the oral temperature ranges vary. The temperature can be as low as 33.2 and up to 38.2 C (92 to 101 F). At the axillary it is between 96 to 99 F or 35.5 to 37.0 C.

For the Tympanic cavity the temperatures range from 96 to 100 F / 35.4 to 37.8 C. Rectal temperatures hover around 94-100 F / 34.4-37.8 C.

Definition

The temperature of the human body is indicative of the body’s capability to produce and eliminate heat. While the temperature range outside the body is varied, the body is still able to keep the temperature confined to specific levels that allow the organs to function properly.

How the Temperature is Obtained

The temperature can be taken from the armpit, below the tongue, the rectum and the ear. The temperature may also be obtained at the forehead. The temperatures are taken using a device called a thermometer.

The results may be displayed in Fahrenheit or Celsius. In the US, Fahrenheit is used, but other countries use Celsius. However, there are now some thermometers that can display results in Fahrenheit and Celsius.

Even though normal body temperature changes within the day, it should not affect you in any adverse way. If you start shivering, then you might have a fever. Use a thermometer to determine if your temperature is within normal range or not.

A Celsius to Fahrenheit calculator is used to convert degrees in Celsius to degrees in Fahrenheit. These calculators can be found on the Net. They sound very technical but in fact these tools are very easy to use.

How to Convert Temperatures on the Internet

The first step is to go online. Go to your favorite search engine and look for a temperature calculator or converter. You will see several links appear. Click one.

These sites have different designs, but the calculator is usually at the front page. You will see calculators that convert F to C, C to F and some also let you convert Fahrenheit or Celsius into Kelvin or back.

To use the Celsius to Fahrenheit calculator, type the Celsius degrees you want to convert into Fahrenheit. Look for a button that says calculate or convert Click it and the temperature will be displayed in Fahrenheit.

To do the reverse, enter the degrees in the Fahrenheit box and press the convert button. You can also use the same procedure to convert from Kelvin to F, F to Kelvin, Celsius to Kelvin and Kelvin to Celsius.

Calculating by Hand

Write this down: F=1.8C+32. Remember that C stands for Celsius and F for Fahrenheit. To change degrees F to degrees C, substitute the F with the value you want to convert. Assuming you want to know what 50 F is in C, type 50=1.8C+32.

You will end up with 50=1.8C+32. Take away 32 and you will be left with 18=1.8C. By dividing it by 1.8 and you will end up with 10 degrees C.

To change C to F, put in the Celsius degrees in the equation. If you used 5 C, the result would be F=1.8(5) +32. The conversion would result in 41 F.

Differences between the Two Temperature Scales

Their boiling and freezing points differ, which is why the rest of their values differ too. The freezing point for Celsius is 0 and the boiling point is 100. The freezing point of the Fahrenheit scale is 32 and the boiling point is 212.

The temperature increments used in Celsius are easier to understand, which is why they have become the standard worldwide. However, the United States still uses Fahrenheit.

If you are having trouble performing the manual conversion, just go online and try those Celsius to Fahrenheit calculators. They are free and not hard to use. It will only take a few mouse clicks before you become fully conversant with them.

A Fahrenheit to Celsius cooking chart is often necessary because recipes frequently use one scale or the other. If the baking temperature is set in Celsius, it will be difficult to understand for those who are used to Fahrenheit. The same holds true for those who are accustomed to reading temperatures in Celsius.

Oven Temperature Reference

225 F / 110 C: vey slow
250 F / 120/130 C: very slow
275 F / 140 C: slow
300 F / 150 C: slow
325 F / 160/170 C: moderate
350 F / 180 C: moderate
375 F / 190 C: moderately hot
400 F / 200 C: moderately hot
425 F / 220 C: hot
450 F / 230 C: hot
475 F / 240 C: very hot

Fahrenheit to Celsius Converters

Along with Fahrenheit to Celsius cooking charts, there are also converters you can use. These are available online and you can use them to make specific conversions. To use them simply type the temperature you want to convert and click the “convert” button.

Other Reminders

Generally, the Celsius scale is half that of the Fahrenheit. If you have a fan assisted oven, they will be configured to 50 F or 25 C lower than other ovens. That means a reduction in cooking time by ten minuets per hour.

However, there are different kinds of ovens, so make sure to refer to the manual for instructions. Cooks also highly recommend the use of an oven thermometer. This will ensure the food is cooked at the right temperature.

Cooking Temperature for Beef, Steaks, Lambs and Chops

Rare: 120 to 125 degrees F
Medium rare: 130 to 135 degrees F
Medium: 140 to 145 degrees F
Medium well: 150 to 155 degrees F
Well done: 160 degrees F and over
Ground meat: 160 to 165 degrees F

Chicken and Turkey

Cook at 165 F or until the juices become conspicuous. 165 F is also used for turkey. The turkey is cooked when the leg can be moved without resistance. If you are cooking a 12 lb turkey, keep in mind that it can manage an hour or hour and a half of resting. If there is no exposure to drafts, the temperature can go up by as much as 30 degrees.

Keep in mind that these Fahrenheit to Celsius cooking charts are only a guide to basic cooking temperatures. If your recipe requires that the food be cooked at other temperatures or for a specific number of minutes or hours, follow it.

Even though most countries use Celsius, the United States still relies on Fahrenheit for the weather, cooking and other non-scientific applications. This can cause confusion so some people use a Fahrenheit to Celsius graph.

What the Graph Does

A graph or chart places the values of Fahrenheit and Celsius side by side. By looking at it, one will be able to see how the temperatures match up. You will be able to see that 2.0 F equals -16.7 C, 66.0 F equals 18.9 C, 103.0 F equals 39.4 C and so on.

The details that are presented on graphs vary. Some will display only Fahrenheit to Celsius or Celsius to Fahrenheit and others will have them both.

Other Features of Graphs

Many online graphs display the important scale relations too. These include the level of absolute zero (-273.15 “C and -459.67 “F). The temperature of a healthy human being is 98.6 F or 37.0 C. The boiling point comparison is also included in most graphs. It is 99.9839 C and 211.9710 F.

Where to Find Temperature Graphs

Fahrenheit to Celsius graphs can be found on the Net. You just type temperature chart or temperature graph and several hits will come up. Once you find them, they can be used as reference.

Converters and Calculators

An alternative would be to use calculators and temperature converters. Several of these can be found online. To convert F to C, enter the F degrees you want to convert in the box provided. Click the convert button and it will be displayed in Celsius. You can use the same procedure to change Celsius into Fahrenheit.

How to Manually Convert the Temperatures

From Celsius to Fahrenheit, the formula is C x 9/5 + 32. To go from Fahrenheit to Celsius, the formula is -32 / 9 x 5. In other words, to switch from C to F, the C degrees have to be multiplied by 9 and then divided by 5.

Add 32 and the Fahrenheit equivalent will appear. From F to C, take away 32 from the F and divide the remaining numbers by 9. The final step is to multiply it by 5. This sounds complex, but it is actually quite simple.

These Fahrenheit to Celsius graphs are not just for scientists and students. You will also find them useful when going through recipes. People who travel to different countries will also find them very handy and valuable.

Without a Fahrenheit to Kelvin or Kelvin to Fahrenheit chart, trying to make sense of it can be difficult as the numbers are so different. It is for this reason that the charts and graphs become necessary.

Temperature Chart Guide

These charts will have columns side by side, one for Fahrenheit and the other for Kelvin. The numbers included will vary, but here are some of the scale conversions. 32 F (the freezing point) is equal to 273.15 K (Kelvin). 40 F equals 277.59 K; 50 F equals 283.15 K and 60 F equals 288.70 K.

Other figures that are included in most charts are the following conversions: 70 F / 294.26 K, 80 F / 299.81 K, 90 F/ 305.37 K, 100 F / 310.92, 120 F / 322.0 K, 130F / 327.59 K, 140 F / 333.15 K, 150 F / 338.70 K, 200 F / 366.48 K, 300 F / 422.03 K, 400 F / 477.59 K and 500 F / 533.15 K.

Conversion Formulas

Besides using a Kelvin to Fahrenheit chart, you may also use formulas to convert them. To convert F to K, the formula is Kelvin = (Fahrenheit + 459.67) * 5 / 9. For instance, the figures involved in changing 58 F to K is Kelvin = (68 + 459.67) * 5 / 9 = 293.1.

Here is another way to change Fahrenheit to K. First determine the Fahrenheit degrees you want to convert. Remove 32 degrees from F. Multiply the figure you get by 5/9. Add 273 to the result. This will provide you the Kelvin equivalent to the F degrees. The formula used here is: K = 5/9 (” F – 32) + 273.

What is the Kelvin?

The Kelvin (can be symbolized by k or K) is a form of measurement of temperature or heat energy. The increments are similar to the Celsius. The major difference is that Kelvin is lower than Celsius. Zero Kelvin is equivalent to -273.15 C.

At this point, no heat energy can exist in a substance. This is known as an absolute zero. The measurement was developed by William Thomson, a mathematician and physicist. 273.16 K is also the triple point of water. Triple point is where water can exist as solid, liquid and gas.

The Kelvin to Fahrenheit chart and conversion tools are extremely handy for scientists and students. Even the layman will find them handy whenever they come across some scientific articles and journals.

The Celsius to Kelvin equation is K=C+273.15. To change Kelvin to Celsius, you reverse the equation: C=K-273.15. C stands for Celsius (sometimes called Centigrade). Kelvin can be abbreviated as k or K.

Other Facts about the Equation

The 273.15 figure stems from the fact that it is the C equivalent of absolute zero in Kelvin. Absolute zero in Kelvin is the point when heat energy can no longer be present in any substance.

Using the Formula

Put in the degrees you want to change in the formula. If you want to change 30 degrees C, the equation would be K=30+273.15. If you want to change 45 degrees C, the equation would be K=45+273.15.

If you used the K=30+273.15 formula, the result would be K=303.15. This is the Kelvin equivalent in Celsius. If the formula is K=45+273.15, the Kelvin equivalent would be K=318.15.

Online Converters and Charts

The Celsius to Kelvin equation isn’t the only tool available you can use to compare Kelvin and Celsius. There are also charts and converters available on the Net. A Celsius and Kelvin chart will display two columns, one labeled Celsius and the other Kelvin. Below these would be the degrees in K and C.

Some of the figures are the following: 1 C / 274.15 k, 10 C / 283.15 k, 20 C / 293.15 k, 30 C / 303.15 k, 40 C / 313.15 k, 50 C / 323.15 k, 60 C / 333.15 k, 70 C / 343.15 k, 80 C / 353.15 k, 90 C / 363.15 k and 100 C / 373.15 k.

Online converters and calculators are free tools that let you convert the temperatures on the fly. You type the degrees you want to convert (C or k) and press “convert”. Apart from converting Kelvin to Celsius and Celsius to Kelvin, these tools will also help you find the Fahrenheit equivalent of Kelvin.

Information about the Kelvin Temperature

It is worth keeping in mind that Kelvin measurements are not in degrees. They were thought to be until 1968. In 1968 however, the 13th General Conference on Weights and Measure decided to remove the degrees. The reason is that William Thomson, its inventor, used a specific temperature for the scale.

The Celsius to Kelvin equation is essential for scientists as both temperature scales are used in scientific circles. Even if you are not a scientist, these can be very helpful especially when reading scientific papers or watching science programs.

A Fahrenheit to Celsius chart can be a handy tool for comparing and converting between the two temperature scales. The Fahrenheit scale is used widely in the United States, but Celsius is the scale used in other countries around the world.

Temperature Reference Chart

Fahrenheit  Celsius

32                      0

33.8                    1

35.6                    2

37.4                    3

39.2                    4

41                       5

42.8                    6

44.6                    7

46.4                    8

48.2                    9

50                      10

51.8                    11

53.6                    12

55.4                    13

57.2                    14

59                      15

60.8                    16

62.6                    17

64.4                    18

66.2                    19

68                       20

69.8                    21

71.6                    22

73.4                    23

75.2                    24

77                      25

78.8                    26

80.6                    27

82.4                    28

84.2                    29

86                      30

87.8                    31

89.6                    32

91.4                    33

93.2                    34

95                       35

96.8                    36

98.6                     37

100.4                  38

102.2                   39

104                      40

105.8                   41

107.6                   42

109.4                   43

Converting Fahrenheit into Celsius and Back

If you would rather do the conversion yourself and not rely on Fahrenheit to Celsius charts, it is very easy to do so. To convert from Celsius to Fahrenheit, note down 9/5 in your calculator. The fraction can also be written as a decimal (1.8).

Next, multiply the 9/5 or 1.8 by the Celsius temperature. When the total has been computed, add 32 to the number. This will be the Fahrenheit equivalent.

To convert from Fahrenheit to Celsius, enter the Fahrenheit numbers you want to convert in the calculator. Remove 32 from the temperature numbers. Next, divide the figure by 5/9. In decimal terms this would be 0.556.

The result is the temperature in Celsius. The formula for Fahrenheit to Celsius and Celsius to Fahrenheit would thus be: Celsius = (5/9)*(Fahrenheit-32) and Fahrenheit = ((9/5)*Celsius) +32.

Origins of the Celsius and Fahrenheit

The Celsius was the invention of the Swedish scientist Anders Celsius back n 1742. He called his invention the Centigrade. Also, Anders established the boiling point at zero and the freeze point at 100 degrees. This would be reversed shortly following his death. In 1954, the Centigrade was also renamed Celsius in honor of its creator.

The Fahrenheit was invented in 1724 by the Dutch scientist Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686-1736). Based on his design, the freezing point was set at 32 degrees while the boiling point is at 212.

However, historians are still debating on how Fahrenheit came to use these numbers. Some claim he based them on the temperature scales he could measure in Poland (where he was). Others claim that the figure was reached when he computed the points when water and salt would mix.

And still others believe that he chose 32 because he was a Freemason. According to Freemason belief, there are 32 levels of enlightenment. Many other theories and claims have been made, but to this day nothing is definite or conclusive.

Most countries in the world have abandoned the Fahrenheit system since the 1960s, and now rely on the Celsius temperature scale. The US as stated, is the notable exception to this. With Fahrenheit to Celsius charts though, you never have to get confused.

The Celsius to Kelvin conversion factor is -273.15. This is the degree equivalent in Celsius for the Kelvin absolute zero. The formula used for changing Celsius to Kelvin is K=C+273.15. To change Kelvin to Celsius, the formula is C=K-273.15.

How to Convert the Temperature

Start by getting the Celsius degrees you want to convert to Kelvin. When you have the figure, just add 273.15. The result would be the Kelvin temperature. In other words, you just have to add 273.15 for any Celsius degrees. If you want to convert Fahrenheit to Kelvin, you need to change it to Celsius first.

To change Fahrenheit to Celsius, subtract 32 from the Fahrenheit and divide this into 9. Next, multiply this by 5. This will be the result in Celsius. When you have the Celsius degrees, you just use the Celsius to Kelvin conversion factor or add 273.15.

How to Utilize Online Calculators and Converters

Select the appropriate calculator or converter (C to K, K to C, F to K, K to F etc). Next, type the degrees that have to be converted. After you press the button the measurements would appear. The procedure is the same for the other types. You just have to enter the figures in the appropriate fields.

Properties of the Kelvin

The Kelvin temperature measurement is based upon the presence of heat energy. By contrast, Celsius and Fahrenheit are both based on freezing and boiling points of water. In terms of structure, the Kelvin is more akin to the Celsius than the Fahrenheit.

The difference is that the Kelvin starting point is lower compared to the Celsius. The Kelvin zero is equivalent to -273.15 C. This point is termed the absolute zero, for heat energy is no longer present.

Until 1968, the Kelvin scale made use of degrees. It was dropped however, because the measurement made use of the absolute zero. Celsius and Fahrenheit use the water freezing point as the bottom of their system.

This could not be used for the Kelvin because it would not account for the remaining energy left. For this reason, the degrees were no longer used. Today, the temperatures are just written as 373 k, 349 k etc.

By using the Celsius to Kelvin conversion factor, the difficulties that come with assessing the temperatures can be removed. The process is so simple that even non technical users will be able to understand and apply them with ease.